Shiraz

Origin

Shiraz rugs come from the city of Shiraz and the surrounding Fars Province in southern Persia. The city of Shiraz is the capital of Fars Province and lies about 900 kilometres south of Tehran. The region is known for its nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes — particularly the Qashqai, Afshar, and other tribal groups — who traditionally knot Shiraz rugs.

Rug production in this region rests on centuries-old traditions. Shiraz functions as both a production site and a trading place for the rugs of the surrounding nomadic tribes. Many rugs sold as "Shiraz" are actually made in smaller villages and settlements of Fars Province.

Characteristics

Shiraz rugs are distinguished by their characteristic geometric patterns and bold colours. Typical designs include central medallions — often diamond-shaped — surrounded by smaller geometric elements. Stylised animal motifs such as birds, deer, or dogs are common, alongside heavily abstracted plant ornaments.

The palette is dominated by warm reds and blues, complemented by ivory, black, and occasionally yellow or green. The borders usually consist of several narrow stripes with repeating geometric patterns. A characteristic feature of many Shiraz rugs is the use of zigzag lines and stepped elements rooted in nomadic weaving tradition.

Knot density typically ranges from 80,000 to 200,000 knots per square metre. The pile is medium to long, giving the rugs a pleasant hand-feel.

Material and technique

Shiraz rugs are made primarily of sheep's wool, with warp and weft usually cotton. The wool often comes from local flocks and is traditionally dyed with natural dyes, although synthetic dyes are increasingly used today.

The knotting follows the Persian (Senneh) knot. Weave density varies by origin and weaver; rugs from the city of Shiraz tend to be more finely knotted than those of the nomadic tribes. The edges are often finished with characteristic plaits or fringes.

A particular feature is the robust construction, which reflects the original purpose as a practical rug for nomadic life. As a result, the rugs are particularly hard-wearing and long-lived.

Worth knowing

Shiraz is famous not only for rugs but also as a centre of Persian culture and literature. The city was home to celebrated poets such as Hafez and Saadi. This cultural tradition is reflected in the rug designs, which often carry poetic and symbolic elements.

The region's nomadic tribes still partly follow traditional migration routes between winter and summer pastures. Rug production is adapted to this way of life and takes place mainly during the winter months.