Heriz
Heriz rugs from northwestern Iran are known for their bold geometric medallions and exceptional durability.
- Region
- Persia / Iran
- Category
- Persian rugs
- Manufacturing
- Hand-knotted
- Knot density
- 60,000 – 160,000 knots/m²
Profile
- Manufacturing
- Hand-knotted
- Origin
- Iran — Heris region, East Azerbaijan Province
- Pile material
- Wool on cotton
- Knot density
- 60,000 – 160,000 knots/m²
- Features
- Geometric central medallion, very durable, bold reds
Photo: Morgenland Rugs
Origin
Heriz rugs come from the eponymous town of Heriz and surrounding villages in East Azerbaijan Province in northwestern Persia. The region lies about 60 kilometres east of Tabriz and has been known for sturdy rug production for centuries. The most important production centres are Heriz itself, along with the villages of Mehraban, Ahar, and Sarab. Rug knotting in this mountainous region goes back to the 18th century and developed into one of the most important centres for geometric Persian rugs.
Characteristics
Heriz rugs are distinguished by their characteristic geometric patterning. Typical is a large central medallion — usually octagonal or diamond-shaped — surrounded by smaller geometric motifs. The borders often consist of multiple bands with stylised palmettes, vine scrolls, or geometric ornaments.
The traditional palette is bold and earthy: rust red, deep blue, ivory, and green dominate, complemented by small accents of yellow or rose. The geometric patterns arise from the village knotting tradition in which templates are often passed down orally or knotted from memory. This gives every rug an individual touch despite recurring base patterns.
Material and technique
Heriz rugs are knotted exclusively with the Turkish (Ghiordes) knot on a cotton warp. The pile is traditionally high-quality sheep's wool from the mountain region, particularly hard-wearing. Knot density typically ranges from 80,000 to 200,000 knots per square metre.
A characteristic feature is the firm, robust structure of the rugs. The wool is dyed with natural and synthetic dyes, with modern Heriz rugs often combining both. Weave density and material quality vary by village and weaver.
Worth knowing
Heriz rugs are considered particularly long-lived and are often passed down through generations. Their geometric patterns make them popular collector items, since they suit both traditional and modern interiors. Antique Heriz rugs from the 19th and early 20th centuries command high prices at auction.
The town of Heriz and its surroundings have been damaged by earthquakes several times, temporarily disrupting continuous rug production. The tradition has nonetheless been preserved. Modern Heriz rugs are also produced today in other regions of Persia and in Pakistan and India in similar styles, but they differ from the originals in material quality and knot density.
Frequently asked questions
How do I recognise an authentic Heriz rug?
Genuine Heriz rugs have Turkish knots, a cotton warp, and characteristic geometric patterns with a central medallion. The back shows a clear, geometric pattern, and the wool feels firm and robust.
Are Heriz rugs suitable for high-traffic rooms?
Yes — thanks to their robust construction and hard-wearing highland wool, Heriz rugs are particularly well suited to living rooms, hallways, and other frequently used areas.
How do antique Heriz rugs differ from new ones?
Antique Heriz rugs often show natural dyes with characteristic wear marks and a patinated appearance. New rugs show more even colours and a more modern palette but preserve the traditional geometric patterns.
What's the difference between Heriz and Serapi rugs?
Serapi rugs are a high-end subgroup of Heriz rugs with a finer knot density and often more elegant proportions. They come from the same region but represent the top quality of local production.
Impressions of the origin
Places, landscapes and landmarks around the home of Heriz rugs. Click any image for a larger view.
