Ushak
Ushak rugs from western Anatolia are classic Ottoman carpets known for large medallion compositions in soft tones.
- Region
- Turkey
- Category
- Persian rugs
- Manufacturing
- Hand-knotted
- Knot density
- 60,000 – 140,000 knots/m²
Profile
- Manufacturing
- Hand-knotted
- Origin
- Turkey — Ushak, western Anatolia
- Pile material
- Wool on wool or cotton
- Knot density
- 60,000 – 140,000 knots/m²
- Features
- Large medallion compositions, soft tones, large formats
Photo: Morgenland Rugs
Origin
Usak rugs come from the eponymous city of Uşak in the western Anatolian province of Uşak in Turkey. The region looks back on a centuries-old rug-knotting tradition that had its heyday in the 15th and 16th centuries. Historical Usak rugs counted among the most sought-after export goods of the Ottoman Empire and reached Europe via trade routes, where they are documented in important Renaissance paintings. The city of Uşak lies strategically between Istanbul and the central Anatolian regions and benefited from its position on important trade routes.
Characteristics
Usak rugs are distinguished by their characteristic large-format medallions and geometric patterns. Typical are central star or diamond medallions surrounded by smaller geometric elements. The traditional palette is dominated by warm reds, complemented by blues, yellows, and ivories. Modern Usak productions often show more muted colours and may include pastel tones. Borders are mostly multi-row and show geometric or stylised plant motifs. Characteristic is the relatively coarse knotting, which underscores the rugs' robust character.
Material and technique
Usak rugs are traditionally knotted from sheep's wool, with both warp and weft usually cotton. Knot density typically lies between 80,000 and 200,000 knots per square metre, giving the rugs medium to good quality. The Turkish (Ghiordes) knot is used, characteristic of Anatolian rug production. The pile is sheared medium-long, making the patterns stand out clearly. High-quality pieces may also include silk in the pile, providing additional sheen. The selvedges are mostly cotton with simple fringes.
Worth knowing
Historical Usak rugs from the 16th and 17th centuries are exhibited today in major museums worldwide and command top prices at auction. The patterns of these antique pieces are often picked up and adapted in modern production. Alongside Hereke, Usak was one of the most important rug-production sites of the Ottoman Empire. The region benefited from proximity to wool suppliers in Central Anatolia and the markets in Istanbul. Today both traditional hand-knotting and machine production take place in Uşak, with hand-knotted pieces enjoying higher esteem.
Frequently asked questions
How do I recognise an authentic Usak rug?
Authentic Usak rugs show characteristic geometric medallions, use the Turkish knot, and have a medium knot density. The materials are typically wool on a cotton base. A provenance certificate or expert appraisal can give additional security on valuable pieces.
Are Usak rugs suitable for daily use?
Yes — thanks to their robust wool and medium knot density, Usak rugs are very hard-wearing and well suited to living areas with normal to higher use. Their traditionally firm structures make them long-lasting and easy to care for.
What sizes are typical for Usak rugs?
Usak rugs are produced in various formats, from smaller bridge rugs from about 100 × 150 cm to large-format rugs over 300 × 400 cm. Particularly common are medium sizes between 200 × 300 cm and 250 × 350 cm.
How do modern Usak rugs differ from antique ones?
Antique Usak rugs usually show stronger, nature-based colours and coarser structures. Modern productions often have finer knotting, more even structures, and may use synthetic dyes. The base patterns, however, often remain faithful to traditional models.
Impressions of the origin
Places, landscapes and landmarks around the home of Ushak rugs. Click any image for a larger view.
